Internal-combustion engine.



R. GARMICHAEL. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED 111111.11.1911.

' 1,016,981, e Patented Feb. 13, 11112.

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R. CARMICHAEL. v INTERNAL ooMBUsTloN ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6,1911.

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Patented Feb. 1 3, 1 912.

R. CARMICHAEL.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLIoATIoN FILED MAR. e, 1911.

1,916,981. v Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

s SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ATTORNEY.

R. CARMIGHAEL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. a, 1911.

l,016,981 Y Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

l-IIT INVENTOR. Qay Ca rm/b/ae! BY ATTORNEY R. CARMICHAEL.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 6, 1911.

Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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RAY CARMICHAEL, F INDIANAPOLIS,

sfrn'rns INDIANA, ASSIG-NOB T0 INDIANAPOLIS GAS ENGINE COMIANY, .0FINDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, A CORPORATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

retentedneb. 13,1912.

- Application led March 6, 1911. Serial No. 612,554.

To all whom fit may concern:

Be it known that I, RAY CARMICHAEL, of Indianapolis, county of Marion,and State of Indiana, have invented a certain useful Internal-Combustion Engine; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawgThe object lof this invention is to improve theconstruction of reciprocatory fourcycle engines, wherein the piston is`oscillatory, so as to render the engine readily reversible,non-vibrating, compact and light.

The nature of the improvement lwill be understood from the accompanyingdrawings and the following description and claims. Y

In the drawings Figure 1 is a front elevation of the engine with partsbroken away. Fig. 2 is a central vertical longitudinal section' throughthe same. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the right-hand end of the engine asit appears in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse sect-ion on the line 4-4 ofFig. 2;' showing the piston at one end of its movement. Fig. 5 is asection on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 2.

Fig..7 is a section on the line 7-.-7 of Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a section onthe line 8-8 of Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of one of thedivision blocks and the valves associated therewith. Fig. 10 is asection on the line 10-10 of Fig. 4 to and including the crank shaft,parts being broken away and with the valve removed. Fig. 11 is a sectionon the line 11-11 of Fig. 3. Fig. 12 is a. side elevation of a sectionof the internal gear disk for regulating the operation of the valves andassociated trip rods and valve stems.

is a section of a portion of the device on the line 13-13 of Fig. 2.Fig. 14 is a section on the line 14--14 of Fig. 2. Fig. 15 is anelevation of the reversn mechanism, parts being broken away. ig. 16 is asection on the l1ne 16-16 of Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a section on the line17-17 of Fig. 15.

In detail, the drawings herein show, for the purposes of explaining thegeneral nature of my invention, a crank shaft carrying on one end aily-wheel 21 mounted inthe center of the engine, that is, in the centerof the cylinder 22 and the valve controlling gear 23,as appears inFig.,2. The crank shaft is mounted in a bearing 24 and that in a steelsleeve 25 which is secured on the crank shaft and lies between the crankat one end and the hub of lthe'gear 26, which is'secured on the shaft bya pin 27, see Figs. 2 and 7. The sleeve 25 has a shoulder 28 on one end,and on said sleeve there is mounted the hubs and 31 of the piston. Thepiston consists of said two hubs and a cylindrical enlargement 32, fromopposite sides of which fan-shaped projections 33 extend, as shown inFig. 4. The peripheral surfaces of the fan-shaped extensions 33 of thepiston are curved so as to tit snugly within the internal periphery ofthe internal cylinder 22 and carry suitable packing to prevent thepassage of air or gas from one side of the piston to the other.

The cylinder 22 is made up of two halves, as indicated in Figs. 2, 3 and4, each half having a fiange 34 said flanges being bolted together bythe bolts 35, as shown in' Fig. 3. Within said cylinder, as shown inFig. 2, the division blocks 36 are secured by screws 37. They extend infrom the periphery of the cylinder to the central enlargement 32 ofthepiston and said blocks are provided with suitable packing in engagementwith the cylinder. These two blocks are provided with two exhaust ports40 and 41 connected by the chamber 42, and each port is closed orcontrolled by a valve 43 on a stem 44 which extends through the blockand beyond the same and is normally closedby the spring 45 whichfsurrrounds the stem 44 and lies between the portion of the block 36 andthe washer 46. The cylinder is cut away somewhat at 47, as shown in Fig.4, for the extension of a portion of the block 36 -for mounting thevalve stems 44. This-provides two large piston chambers in the cylinder,one on each side of the division blocks 36, and the ends 33 of thepiston project into these two chambers and oscillate in said chambers sothat when said piston is in place in the cylinder, thereare practicallyfour chambers, one portion of each chamber 50 lying on each side of theextension 33 of the piston.

The gas enters the chambers to the cylinder through the piston and forthat purpose -said piston is hollow. The gas enters from 'the carbureterthrough the pipe 51 into a chamber 52 which surrounds the hub. of the`wheel 26, as shown in Fig. 2, and is secured from the chamber 52 intothe hollow piston through passageways 55, see Fig. 5, formedlongitudinally in the inner surface of the hub 31 of the piston. Thereis no valve in the engine or between the engine and the throttle valveof the carbureter for interrupting the. flow of the gas into the piston.

From the piston the gas passes into the chambers 50 ofthe cylinderthrough cages 60, there being one cage on each side of each e'xtension33 and said cages being. hollow7 and having an inlet port 61 and anoutlet port 62 which is controlled by a valve 63 on a stem 64 extendingthrough and having bearing in the cage and closed by a spring 65 lyingbetween theinner end of the cage and a washer 66 on the end of the valvestem. These valves are automatically opened by the vacuum in thecylinder chamber. The action of said valves 63 and also of the gas inthe cylinder is regulated by the exhaust valves 43, and they areregulated by means, which will be hereafter explained,

so that it is a four-cycle engine and substantlally the same inoperation and effect .as a four-cylinder engine. When one end of thechamber 50 is exhausted, the other end is taking in gas, while t-heopposite chamber 50 is at the same time exploding at one end andcompressin at the other.

The means or controlling the exhaust valves and regulating the action ofthe engine automatically is as follows: The gear' "bracket 73 isstationary within the internal gear 23 which revolves in oppositedirection to the gear 26.l The internal gear 23 has bearing on thereduced portion of the end Aof the flange 54 of the cylinder 22, as seenin Fig. 2. The gears 23, 26 and 71 are of such sizes relatively to eachother as to cause vthe gear 26 to make two revolutions to one revolutionof the gear 23. The internal Vgear 23. has a cam-like elongatedprojection 74,

1 vsee Figs. 7 and 12, on its periphery so that at each revolution ofsaid gear it will actuate the valve trips 75 which have bearing betweentheir ends in ears 76 fromy the cas'- ing 22.v The extension on theinternal gear atuates one end of the valve trip, and the other e'ndbears against andy forces in the valve stem 44, see Fig. 12, against theaction of the spring 45, and thus opens the exhaust 4valve 43. It makesno diference in which direction the gears 26 and 23 move. Since thereare two exhaust valves mounted in each division block 36, as shown inFig. 4, there will be four of said valves and valve stems, andconsequently there will be four of the trips 75, two on each side ofthecylinder, but the arrangement is such -that the actuated ends of thetrip will be located exactly ninety'degrees apart in series, and thecam-like extension 74 is also substantially ninety degrees and will,therefore, operate one trip and open one valve and hold it open until itreaches the next trip and so on inseries, so that at all times therewill be one exhaust valve open and only one.

The parts which have been described including the gears 23 and 26 are somounted and arranged in connection with the crank shaft and the pistonon the crank shaft as to cause s'aid exhaust valves to open at the righttime with relation to the movements of the piston. The exhaust passesthrough the ports'40 and 41 and chamber 42 in the division. block andout through the exhaustports 175 of the cylinder,`as shown in Fig. 1.

The mechanism for transmitting power from the piston to the crank shaftis as follows: O n the hub 30 of the piston,see Fig. 2, a ring of therocker arm 81 is secured, and the outer end of said rocker arm 81 isbifurcated, as shown in Fig. 11, and pivotally connected to a connectingbar 82, which -is pivoted between the bifurcated ends of the rocker arm.A connecting rod 82 extends from the outer end of the rocker arm to thecrosshead 83 which reciprocates between thetwo guides 84, which aresecured to the bracket 85, extending from the cylinvso der 22, as shownin Fig. 1. Said crosshead carries a'pin 86 for connecting the connectingrod 82 to the crosshead, and on the opposite side of the Acrossheadthere is pivoted a connecting rod 87 which runs to the crank of thecrank shaft. 'The' engine is aircooled and for that purpose the'blocks36 are provided with chambers 90, see Figs. 2 and 4. The principalcooling, however, is effected by the intake, the gas going through thepassageways 55 near the bearing between the piston and sleeve 25 andalso withinthe piston. Thus the whole interiorl of the piston, as shownin Fig. 4, would be cooled by the incoming gas. -HOWever, the incominggas as it entersthe piston will be warmed or heated to 'some extent bythe heat of the piston resulting from the explosions in theengine, andthus renders the gas the sleeve 25, as shown in Fig. 6, to the outerair. Within these passageways 100 and 101 there is also placed' alubricatingtube 102 with small holes 103 arranged at intervals. The tube100 is Hexible. The construction shown in Fig. 10 is similar on theopposite sides of the shaft, so that there will be two outlet ends ofthe tube 102, as shown in Fig. 6, and they are connected with a dividedtube 104, which is in communication with a flexible tube 105 leadin fromany suitable 'source of supply. The exibility of the tube 105 permitsthe arrangement just described, in View of the oscillation of thepiston, and, therefore, the outer end of the tubes 102.

-The extent of oscillation is substantially 45 degrees. Thus' thesurfaces of the piston and cylinder, which engage each other during theoscillation of the piston, are kept constantly lubricated. There is alsoa passageway or chamber 110 which extends across each of the divisionblocks 36, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, and they lead out to the open airthrough the port 111 -in one wall of the cylinder. As shown Vin Fig. 4,lubricating tubes 112 are also located in said passageway 110corresponding to the arrangement of the tubes 102 in passageways 100heretofore explained. The cylinder is provided with four spark plugs120, see Figs. 1 and The engine -is reversed by the means shown in Figs.15, 16 and 17, which is adapted for this type of engine only. The planis to provide two sets of terminals in electrical communication with thetimer, said two sets of terminals being reversely arranged with relationto each other and providing sliding means having terminals connectedwith the spark plugs for moving said sliding terminals first intoengagement with either group of timer terminals, so that the engine canbe caused to run in either direction, as desired, or be readilyreversed. The wires 121 run to the terminals 122 on the sliding plate123. These terminals are numbered in the order indicated in Fig. 15 andcorresponding with the spark plugs. The plate 123 is made of insulatingmaterial within a frame 124, which slides in a fixed frame 125, and inthat "fixed frame there is a plate 126 of insulating material at leasttwice as long asthe plate 123. The frame 125 is secured in place by thescrews 127 which extend through the bar 128 of said frame, and that barat one end is extended and has pivotally mounted on it the arm l129. Theouter end of that arm is pivoted to a. connecting rod 130 which extendsto the plate 123. A connecting rod 131 extends from the arm 129intermediate its ends to one end of thebell-crank. lever 132. Thisbell-crank lever is pivoted between its ends to a fixed plate 133, and abar 134 extends from the other end of said bell-crank lever to anysuitable means for rocking saidbellcrank lever and thus causing theplate 123 to be moved from the position shown in Fig. 15 to the left ofthe left-hand portion of plate 126.

135 represents the distributer of the timing apparatus of any desiredtype, and wires 136 extend from this timing distributer to the terminals237. There are two sets of these terminals 237, one set being at theright-hand half of the plate 126, and the other set being in theleft-hand half. The wires 136 are divided so that one branch thereofgoes to one set of the terminals 237, and the other branch to the otherset of such terminals. Thus one branch of one wire 136 goes to thefourth terminal in each set of terminals 237, another wire 136 has bothbranches going tothe second terminal of each set, etc. The terminals 237in the two sets, however, are ,arranged reversely with relation to eachother and with relation to the terminals 122. Thus in one set ofterminals 237 the terminal No. 1 registers with terminal No. 1 on plate123, and likewise throughout the pairs. But when the plate 123 is moved-over to the left-hand end, terminal No. 1 in plate 123 will contactwith terminal No. 4 at the left-hand end while terminal No. 4 in plate123 will contact with terminal No. 1 in said plate 123. And thus theorder of ignition inthe engine will be just the reverse of what it wasbefore. -For this purpose the terminals 122 and 237 extend through thevarious blocks 123 and 126 into contact with each other, as shown inFig. 16. The guidcway formed of the guides 84 is arranged obliquely, asshown in Fig. 3, so that the center l1ne thereof would extend betweenthe shafts and the outer end of the rocker arm. This construction isprovided in order tol prevent the crank 87 from ever centering. l

I claim as my invention: V

1. An internal combustion engine provided with a fan-shaped. combustionchamber, an oscillatory hollow piston operating therein, ignition meansin'said chamber, means for conveying the combustible mixture into saidpiston, and valve-controlled orts in said piston for charging thecomustion chamber.

2. An internal combustion engine provided with a fan-,shaped combustionchamber, nnoscillatory hollow piston operating `i120 in ,said chamber,ignition means in said chamber at each side of said piston, means forconveying the combustible mixture into said piston, and valve-controlledports at each side of said piston for charging the combustion chamber.

3. An internal combustion engine including a pair of oppositely locatedcombustion chambers, an oscillatable hollow piston withv its axisbetween said chambers and its ends projecting into and operating in saidchambers, ignition means at 'each end of each of said chambers, meansfor conveying explosive mixture into said hollow piston, and avalve-controlled port at each side of each end of said piston forcharging the combustionl chambers.

4. An internal combustion engine including a pair of oppositely locatedcombustion chambers, an oscillatable hollow piston with its axis betweensaid chambers and its ends projecting into and operating in saidchambers there being a longitudinal passageway near the axis of 4saidpiston to the interior of the piston, a stationary chamber Aadjacentsaid piston near its axis' and in com- -munication with said passagewaywhereby,

\ its axis between said chambers and its ends projecting into andoperating in said chambers and having a ,laterally extending hub on oneend, means on which said piston is mounted the hub of the `piston beingprovided with a longitudinal passageway, andv a non-rotative chamber atthe end of the piston hub having communication with said passagewaywhereby combustible mixture may be supplied to the interior of thepiston, -ignition means at each end of each of said chambers, and avalve-controlled port at each side of each endmof said piston forcharging the' combustion chambers.

6. An internal combustion engine includi ing a pair of oppositelylocated combustion cillatory piston provided with hubs mountchambers, avshaft extending between said chambers, bearing sleeves on said shaft, atube mounted on said bearing sleeves, an osed on said tube and havinglongitudinal passageways in one hub adjacent said tube wit-h the ends ofsaid piston projecting into said chambers, a stationary chamber adjacentthe end of said piston hub and in communication with said passagewaystherethrough for supplying explosive material to the interior of saidpiston, ignition means at each end of each of said chambers, and avalve-controlled port at each side of each end of said piston forcharging the combustion chambers.

7 An internal combustion engine' including a cylinder, division memberslocated within said cylinder at diametrically opposite points andprovidedwith exhaust ports in each side of said division members, ahol'- lowpiston formed of a central circular portion with its axisconcentric with lsaid cyl- "will be formed two opposite bers in whichsaid opposite piston extensions may oscillate, means for supplying exinder and said division members and engaglng said d1v1s1on members andhaving two opposlte extensions engaglng the internal periphery of saidlcylinder, lwhereby there will be formed two oppositely located chambersin which said opposite piston extenspring controlled provided with achamber at each end out-t` side of the exhaust port, a spring-controlledvalve mounted in the division members for each exhaust port, a hollowpiston formed of a central circular portion with its axis concentricwith said cylinder/and said division members and engaging said "divisionmembers and having two opposite extensions engaging the internalperiphery of said cylinder, whereby there will be formed two oppositelylocated chambers in v which said opposite piston extensions mayoscillate, meansV for supplying explosive mixture to the interior ofthepiston, valve- Icontrolled ports from each side of each end.

of the piston for charging the cylinder chambers, and spring-controlledvalves for the exhaust ports in said division members.

9. Aninternal combustion engine including a cylinder, division members`secured in said cylinder atl diametrically opposite points and providedwith 'an exhaust port through each end and chamberedfor the'adv missionof air or water tocoolthe same, a ,hollow piston formed of. a centralcircular portion with itsaxis coaxial with said cylinder and saiddivision members and engagv -ing said division members and having twoopposite extensions engaging the internal periphery of said cylinder lwhereby there lyl located champlosive mixture to the interior ofthepiston, valve-controlled ports from each side of lll each end of thepiston for charging the cylv l inder chambers, and spring-controlled.

valves for the exhaust` ports in saiddivision members.

10. An internal combustion engine provided with a pair. of oppositelydisposed fan-shaped combustion chambers, an` oscillatory piston with itsaxis between s aidy combustion chambers and with extensions projectinginto and operating in said chambers and having a explosive mixture tothe combustion chambers for causing the oscillation of the piston, arocker arm secured to the hub of the piston, a crank shaft coaxial withsaid pist-on, a connecting rod from the crankof the crank shaft, acrosshead pivoted to the outer end of said connecting rod, a fixed guidefor said crosshead, and a connecting rod between theouter end ofsaidrocker arm and said crosshead, whereby the rocker arm will operate thecrosshead and cause the rotation of the shaft. l

11. An internal combustion engine provided with a pair of oppositelydisposed fan-shaped combustion chambers, an oscillatory piston with itsaxis between said combustion chambers and with extensions projectinginto and operating in said chambers and having a hub, means forsupplying an explosive mixture to the combustion chambers for causingthe oscillation of the piston, a rocker arm secured to the hub of thepiston, a crank shaft extending axially through lthe cylinder and pistonwith the crank external, a connecting rod on said crank, a crossheadpivoted to the louter end of the connecting rod, a guide for the crosshead secured to the cylinder, and a connecting rod pivoted to thecylinder and the outer end of the rocker arm, substantially as setforth.

12. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, an oscillatorypiston operating within said cylinder having an axis concentric with thecylinder and radially extending portions engaging the periphery of thecylinder, means for dividing the cylinder linto two oppositely locatedcombustion chambers and said means having suitable exhaust ports,exhaust valves for said ports having outwardly projecting stems, springsfor closing said valves, a shaft con- 'centricwith said piston, meansdriven by the piston' for rotating the shaft, a wheel outside of thecylinder which is rotated by i the shaft and which has a projectingcamlike extension on its periphery, and means mounted on the outerperiphery of the cylinder which are periodically actuated by saidextension. from said wheel, whereby said exhaust valves will beperiodically opened.

13. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, an oscillatorypiston operating within said cylinder having an axis concentric with thecylinder extending portions engaging the periphery of the cylinder,means fordividing the cylinder into two oppositely located combustionchambers and said means havingsuitable exhaust ports, exhaust valves forsaid ports having outwardly project-ing stems, springs for closing saidvalves, a shaft conhub, means for supplying an' drive the latter,

and radially centric with said piston, a gear secured on said shaft, aninternal gear wheel revolubly mounted in connection with said cylindersaid internal gear having a cam-like extension on its outer periphery, apinion between the gear on the shaft and said internal gear for drivingthe latter, and means mounted at suitable intervals on the externalperiphery of the cylinder adapted to be periodically actuated by theextension on t-he external gear for opening the exhaust valves.

14. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder with fourradially extending ears, division members secured' within sai cylinderandV each provided with a. pair of exhaust ports, a pair of exhaustvalves in each division member with the stems thereof extendingoutwardly, a spring for closing said exhaust valves, an oscillatorypiston within said cylinder and concentric with said cylinder, means foroscillating said piston, a shaft concentric with said shaft, a gearsecured on said piston outside the cylinder, a large internal gearrotatably mounted on an extension from said cylinder concentric withsaidshaft and having a cam-like extension on its periphery, a frame securedto the extension from said ,cylinder and located within said internalgear, a pinion mounted onsaid frame so as to engage vthe gear on theshaft and the internal gear and l shafts mounted in the ears on thecylinder and project-ing over said internal gear, means extending fromsaid shafts into position to be actuated by the extension on theinternal gear, and fingers extending from said shafts intoengagementwith the outer ends of the exhaust valve stems for forcing thelatter outwardly as the internal gear revolves.

15. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder formed of twosemi-circular separated halves bolted together', two division blocksoppositely located at the joint between said two halves so as toform twochambers in each half which do not extend cylinder and having a centralportion in engagement with said division blocks and' with extensionsprojecting into each of said chambers, and means for supplying explo- Ysive mixture to said chambers for actuating fand oscillating saidpiston.

16. An internal vided with a pair of.opposite1y disposed fan-shapedcombustion chambers, an oscillatory piston with its axis bet-Ween saidcombustion chambers and with extensions project-ing into andoperating-in said chambers and having a hub, means for supplying anexplosive mixture bers for vcausing the oscillation ofthe piston, arocker -arm secured'to the hub of the combustion engine proy to thecombustion chaml"piston, a crank shaft coaxial with said piston, aconnecting rod from the crankof the crank shaft, a crosshead pivoted tothe outer end of said connecting rod, a fixed guide- 5 way for sidcrosshead the center line of which would extend bet-Ween said shaft and theouter end of the rocker" arm, and a connecting rod between the outer endof the rocker arm and said crosshead whereby the 10 rocker arm willoperate the crosshead and 'cause rotation of the, sha-ft and said crankRAY CARMICHAEL.

Witnesses:

G; H. BOINK, O. M. MGLAUGHLIN.

